fix(security): Dienst als Systemuser auf 127.0.0.1, TLS-Erneuerung per sudo

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

backend/app/services/tls_service.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ Erkennt drei Modi:
   - "certbot"  – öffentliches Let's-Encrypt-Zertifikat (setup-tls.sh)
   - "internal" – eigene interne CA (setup-tls-internal.sh)
 """
+import os
 import re
 import subprocess
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -23,6 +24,10 @@ _DOMAIN_RE = re.compile(r"^[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9\-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?(?:\.[a
 _IP_RE = re.compile(r"^\d{1,3}(\.\d{1,3}){3}$")
 
 
+def _priv(args: list[str]) -> list[str]:
+    return args if os.geteuid() == 0 else ["sudo", "-n", *args]
+
+
 def _cert_enddate(cert_path: Path) -> str | None:
     try:
         out = subprocess.run(
@@ -71,7 +76,7 @@ def renew_certbot(domain: str) -> str:
     if not SETUP_TLS_SCRIPT.exists():
         raise RuntimeError("setup-tls.sh nicht gefunden")
     result = subprocess.run(
-        [str(SETUP_TLS_SCRIPT), domain],
+        _priv([str(SETUP_TLS_SCRIPT), domain]),
         capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=120,
     )
     if result.returncode != 0:
@@ -89,8 +94,8 @@ def renew_internal(hostname: str, ip: str | None) -> str:
     args = [str(SETUP_TLS_INTERNAL_SCRIPT), hostname]
     if ip:
         args.append(ip)
-    result = subprocess.run(args, capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=60)
+    result = subprocess.run(_priv(args), capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=60)
     if result.returncode != 0:
         raise RuntimeError(result.stderr[-2000:] or result.stdout[-2000:])
-    subprocess.run(["systemctl", "reload", "nginx"], capture_output=True, timeout=10)
+    subprocess.run(_priv(["systemctl", "reload", "nginx"]), capture_output=True, timeout=10)
     return result.stdout[-4000:]

timemaster.service

@@ -4,10 +4,13 @@ After=network.target postgresql.service
 
 [Service]
 Type=simple
-User=root
+User=timemaster
+Group=timemaster
+PrivateTmp=true
+ProtectHome=true
 WorkingDirectory=/opt/timemaster/backend
 Environment=PATH=/opt/timemaster/backend/venv/bin
-ExecStart=/opt/timemaster/backend/venv/bin/uvicorn app.main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8000 --proxy-headers --forwarded-allow-ips=127.0.0.1
+ExecStart=/opt/timemaster/backend/venv/bin/uvicorn app.main:app --host 127.0.0.1 --port 8000 --proxy-headers --forwarded-allow-ips=127.0.0.1
 Restart=on-failure
 RestartSec=5
 

timemaster.sudoers

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# /etc/sudoers.d/timemaster – TLS-Erneuerung aus der App (tls_admin) ohne Root-Prozess
+timemaster ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: /opt/timemaster/setup-tls.sh *, /opt/timemaster/setup-tls-internal.sh *, /usr/bin/systemctl reload nginx